This is an opinion entry and should not be taken for granted.
Reasoning is a skill. It is not something you are born with. It's something that is accumulated with time. As an example, we all believe that decisions we make today are better than the decisions we made many years ago since we believe that we have accumulated more reasoning skill. Reasoning is also a process that needs to be done when dealing with an issue. It has to be paired with rational as well.The further I think, the more I think reasoning can be broken down into.
At school, we are not told to reason any further than the sections of the religious studies (if any) and science subject inferences and hypothesis. We were told why these issues are reasoned with certain ways but that is that and it is not expanded. The expansion of reason is only there if the person took the initiative. Otherwise the reason pretty much arrived due to suggestions by teachers and books.
For me though, reasoning always needs to be expanded, cognitive and critical.
Good reasoning should:
1. Understandable
What good is any reason if whatever is said could not be understood even. Misunderstanding of a reason also falls under a weak reasoning system. Miscommunication is most prevalent when the information is conveyed through text in which intonation is absent. Punctuation helps to accent the reason but may still be misunderstood through the order of the words that are arranged together that might have ambiguous and unclear target, which brings me to the next point;
2. Order
A good reasoning should be broken down in order, of either incremental or decremental. An incremental reasoning is where you state the specific reason while working your way up to why you arrive at such conclusion. A decremental reasoning is where you cover up all the basics of your idea which brings you to the said conclusion. Without order, the reason may fail to to be made at all.
3. Source inclusionThis is a big hassle. I agree, it is hard to look for sources to every single thing that needs to be said but for saying something like, "Hey I saw the Wall Street Journal state that...." or something in the vein of it in the beginning of the reasoning is considered as citation still. In this day and age, well actually since ever, there's no way to definitely say that the source is correct, but it definitely helps with getting to a more solid point of reason that could be backed up. This brings me to a sub-component:
i. Good source citation
In order to cite, it is also important for you to know what kind of place you are citing from, believable source of information. Don't go citing Wikipedia all the time. Although some of the information is relevant and usable, that site is a free to edit site in which anyone can add information. Cite from interview, research papers, books written and produced by credible people, good websites, educated personnels and other of the same quality. Don't cite from quotes, as they for the most are just words arranged in a poetic manner. Don't cite from your own website too.
4. Be fair
Be fair when reasoning. Don't arrive to a reason just because you used to take sides. Take it as this, after the reasons has been shown and whether it's wrong of right has been proven, accept it. If it's wrong, it's wrong. If it's right, it's right. Don't defend what is wrong and don't bash what is right because you take sides. For example, you are a fan of even number. When I have proved to you why 2 + 3 = 5, just because you don't like 5, don't go around saying I'm biased in making decisions. The reason has been made and it's been shown. Don't defend it anymore. Before making any reasons, don't put attributes to neutral things, sentences, etc. Take it neutrally and reason fairly. Sometimes the reason may fall under the grey area, where its neither completely wrong or right, then take it as that as well. Take it neutrally. For example when I say don't go right, doesn't mean I want you to go left. It might just mean I want to go straight. A lot of things stay in the grey. The Muslim prophet Muhammad (PBH) once said, "Moderation is perfection". What was said was based on the truth that anything in an excessive amount is bad.
Here's an ironic truth:
Other than numbers, everything is not absolute although "everything" is absolute in itself.
5. Avoid emotions
Emotions is like fire. They are friendly when controlled. When initiating reason, don't include emotion. Use logic. Emotion leads to reasons of which only the reasoner understand. This in turn is advocating the usage of rationality. Nobody looks up to people who make reasons with emotions alone. Emotion leads to impulsiveness and outbursts. When reasoning it is important that we keep calm and make sure not to lose our heads. Think before saying anything. Think of what and who it may affect. It is much easier to say things that you feel since its urging but for the most part it will only benefit you in a short term (emotional outburst is satisfying, no?) but harm you in a long way. Also, when reasoning with someone you have bones with, avoid being emotional. Although hard, it is the optimal path.
6. Think terms
If possible, when reasoning, include short, medium and long term goals. State why this is your reason in all of the term goals. This will help the people listening to your reason understand the intuitiveness of your reasoning structure. These goals might require additional reasoning that needs to be stated as well.
7. Explain in a way that even your grandma understands
When reasoning, don't expect people to quickly understand it. Their mind may work differently than yours. To make sure that your reasoning is idiot proof, imagine you are the dumbest person in the world and try to make that dumbest person understand. If you explain it in the way that you expect that to understand, and then they don't, there's nobody else but yourself to blame. Also check that your reasoning is understandable by anyone of any race, religion and cultural difference. If you look at your reason and see that it can only be understandable by a certain kind of race and a certain kind of religion, then your reasoning is a failure. Don't blame them for not understanding, blame yourself for having a one track mind by excluding diversity of thought.
8. People have different opinions
Other people have other ideas. Respect them still. Just because they don't agree with yours, don't dis them. The bigger thing to do is to accept them and think why they have such different opinions. Respect the fact that they have different point of views that you might even learn to see from; benefit from someday. Don't hate people that don't agree with you. It is unfair to let something as innocent as a relationship between humans to be affected by this.
There should be more actually. I don;t really have them in my head now. At the time of writing, I'm also a bit under the weather, which explains to dumb sentence structure and for that I am sorry. Might fix this entry in the future.
As a final word, I wish that reasoning among us all will rise in quality. This will allow everyone to learn more about everything all the time.
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